The Depths of the North Sea: Life in the Cold Abyss — Secrets of the Seas Ep. 1 — 4K UHD Documentary

[00:00:00] Speaker 1: The Sea and its unique inhabitants. You don't always have to travel to exotic countries. Many miracles happen in unexpected locations. Tiny dramas, magnificent spectacles. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have never seen them before. The North Sea lies between the coast of Great Britain and mainland Europe. Many of its residents face their greatest challenges at the beginning of their lives. That's the case for a small predator in the Norwegian fjords. For a small predator in the Norwegian fjords. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have never seen them before. [00:01:46] Speaker ?: The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. [00:02:00] Speaker 1: The North Sea and the Baltic, as we have seen them before. This is Lüsefjord, near Starwanger. Here lives a hunter found almost everywhere in the North Sea. The small spotted cat shark. Fully grown, they reach a metre long and have hardly any enemies. Neither in the depths of the fjord, nor here close to the shore. It's mainly females that are seen here, and with good reason. They lay their egg capsules in the shallows. The cord-like extensions give a good grip. Depending on the water temperature, the embryos need between 5 and 11 months to mature. This cat shark baby knows nothing of its future. And in fact, it's born into the ideal environment. The vegetation offers perfect cover and plenty of prey. And yet, unlike the adults, these baby sharks are not at the top of the food chain. This neighbour, in particular, is a deadly threat. The anglerfish. An ambush hunter that relies entirely on its camouflage. Anglerfish can only catch prey that swim directly above them. Often, days or weeks pass between catches. Only a few creatures can disturb an anglerfish. A brown crab looking for a shelter. It's not choosy. The anglerfish is annoyed. It has to find a new point of ambush. That's quickly done. [00:05:34] Speaker ?: The move was worth it. This catch will sustain him for days. [00:05:55] Speaker 1: Months later, the egg capsules are empty. Time for the 10-centimeter-long cat shark baby to explore Lusefjord. The newcomer is appraised by everyone. The rats are particularly fascinated by the little shark. But not everyone wishes him well. A hungry anglerfish. And it's not alone. They're lurking almost everywhere. [00:07:31] Speaker ?: Lusefjord is like a minefield. Welcome to your new home. Lusefjord is like a minefield. [00:07:38] Speaker 1: Welcome to your new home. home. From now on, he has to run the gauntlet every day. Only a few cat sharks survive their early years. Not even scientists could explain why the anglifish spits the baby out again. But this little one gets another chance. Cat sharks aren't only at home in the Norwegian fjords. They can be found in the English Channel, too, the southern entrance to the North Sea. For example, here, off the coast of northern France. This is the Pointe du Oc in Normandy. Angler fish are no danger in these waters. But cat sharks have another problem here. Though you wouldn't know it from these steep cliffs, the seabed is mainly sandy. But the oasis like this are rare. Hidden beneath the rocks? Cat sharks. Not just one, but several. These little sharks are loners, but the shortage of suitable shelter makes them share. They hunt at night and sleep in the daytime in the shelter of the rogues. Cat sharks are not the only ones that have trouble finding a place that offers peace and security. Many tiny creatures have a similar problem. One of them recently disappeared from coasts from France all the way to Denmark. Seahorses. This female is a real pioneer. As a larva, she was brought here by the current. And she was one of the first to recolonize the gateway to the North Sea. It won't be easy for these creatures to reclaim the coasts further east. Seahorses can only make headway in seagrass that gives protection from the current. For a successful comeback, one thing is needed. More seahorses. For weeks, the female has been searching for a male. Her chances don't look good. The remaining seahorses live in seagrass clumps far from one another. The bare stretches between the oases are insurmountable for these poor swimmers. Once, seagrass grew everywhere, but fungus and pollution plagued it for decades. Today, conditions are better and the seagrass might recover. But now, what's left of the seagrass is being overwhelmed by a foreign seaweed. Japanese wireweed. Japanese wireweed. Low-tide at Pointe du Oc. These shadows are completely covered by the wireweed. It's an extremely invasive species. Indigenous plants like seagrass are being progressively displaced. But seahorses benefit from the invasion. In some places, the wireweed is already linking their seagrass oases. The seahorses don't care what they hold on to. Perhaps that's how this male got here. Our pioneer female waited weeks for a partner. Now, she has her chance. He swims right up to her. Can she win him over? [00:14:43] Speaker ?: Can she win? [00:14:58] Speaker 1: Very gently, he pulls her to him. She's done it. The mating dance begins. [00:15:13] Speaker ?: Now, they're a couple. [00:15:32] Speaker 1: Maybe one day, their offspring will colonize the coasts of the North Sea. Japanese wireweed is already waiting everywhere for them. So, in the future, seahorses could be at home in the Netherlands and in Germany once more. The North Sea is half as big again as Germany. And averaging less than 100 meters deep, it's a fairly shallow sea. But it's certainly not a calm sea. Winter storms rage smashing against the cliffs of a lonely rocky island. Only when the wind dies down is the island seen in another light. Only when the wind dies down is the island seen in another light. Heligoland. In November every year, its offshore dunes are a nursery for one of the North Sea's biggest predators. The grey seal. [00:17:16] Speaker ?: The grey seal. [00:17:16] Speaker 1: The grey seal. Like many females, this one has given birth in the last few days. It's a boy. [00:17:35] Speaker ?: It's a boy. [00:17:43] Speaker 1: His mother belongs to the harem of a mighty male. Nearly three meters long and weighing over 300 kilos, he is the undisputed ruler of the beach. His harem consists of about ten females. He's patient. Only when they have weaned their young will the females be ready to mate with him again. And that's the goal of many other males, too. A handful of adolescents are constantly trying to approach his females. If they can't keep the young bull away, the boss turns up. For the younger males, his appearance alone is enough. The beach master celebrates his dominance with a victory roll. He can be sure his females are watching closely. After all, they only want to mate with the strongest partner. A few days later, his son is taken to the sea by its mother. [00:19:41] Speaker ?: A few days later, his son is coming to the sea. [00:19:46] Speaker 1: Initiation to the sea usually starts in the second or third week after birth. A baby grey seal stays with its mother for a month at most. Then it's on its own. The baby can't stay in the cold water for long. On land, its light-coloured fur is perfect insulation. But it's not waterproof. [00:20:38] Speaker ?: It's not waterproof. [00:20:41] Speaker 1: This will only change at four weeks after the moult. Soon, his mother will have other duties. Mating season is coming. Another female in the harem has sensed this, too. And some males have raging hormones. The beach master can't accept that. This adolescent tries to force himself on the female. The boss comes to her aid. [00:21:23] Speaker ?: The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. The rivals are well-matched. The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. the beach. The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. the beach. The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. The rescued female witnesses commitment to his harem. [00:21:42] Speaker 1: The rescued female witnesses his commitment to his harem. The beach master's commitment to his harem. [00:21:45] Speaker ?: The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. [00:21:45] Speaker 1: The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. The beach master switches tactics, using his enormous weight. The rescued female witnesses his commitment to his harem. He often fights to exhaustion. Their victory roll shows everyone. He reckons he's the winner. While the challengers have only him as their opponent, he has to take on several of them every day. This visibly weakens him. The baby is alone for the first time. Where is his mother? In fact, she's only gone down to the water for a while to cool off. But the little one doesn't know that. He looks for her desperately. And is rejected everywhere. And is rejected everywhere. Seal mothers only look after their own young. His search continues. His search continues. His father has a problem, too. His strongest rival is challenging him again. [00:24:07] Speaker ?: I don't know. [00:24:37] Speaker 1: The heavyweights are exhausted. And yet they both sense things must be decided. The females are watching closely. Will the beachmaster stay ruler of his harem? Or must he abdicate? His rival retreats for good. The old man has his reward. A bull's dominance is usually short-lived. After two or three years, it's over. In the meantime, his son has found its mother again. In just a few days, she will finally leave him to mate with the beachmaster once more. Perhaps one day this pup will rule over his own stretch of beach. For the moment, he and his mother can enjoy their time together. For these giants to survive in the North Sea, they need vast amounts of food. Often, it's the smallest inhabitants that make this possible. Every year in spring, tiny creatures gather in such masses, they can even be seen from space. The North Sea becomes an abstract work of art. A work of art made of microscopic algae. Once the sun is strong enough in early summer, they bloom and multiply in their billions. Hundreds of species of tiny crabs, jellyfish, and fish larvae feed on them. Different kinds of plankton. And they attract the North Sea's very largest resident. The basking shark. Up to 12 meters long, weighing five tons. The basking shark is a real giant. And yet, the basking shark feeds exclusively on micro-organisms. It has to filter up to 2,000 tons of water an hour. The contents of an Olympic swimming pool. Its meter-wide mouth and special filter organs in front of its gills. Help it do this. Researchers suspect that these huge fish use their keen sense of smell to find plankton in the vastness of the sea. So a basking shark is rarely on its own for too long. Hardly anything is known about these largest inhabitants of the North Sea. They can usually only be observed when feeding. [00:29:25] Speaker ?: They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. They can usually be observed when feeding. "The fish are a bit more. [00:29:55] Speaker 1: "In the endless blue, even these giants seem tiny." Finding food in the open sea is extremely difficult. So most of the biggest North Sea species hunt near the coast. the coasts. Around the Shetland Islands, for example. These rocky shores are mostly bare. But under the water, it's a different story. Brown algae grow here. In these perfect conditions, they form entire forests. In these perfect conditions, they form entire forests. Nurseries for countless sea creatures. [00:31:16] Speaker ?: The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. [00:31:26] Speaker 1: The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. [00:31:32] Speaker ?: The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. And the rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. [00:31:44] Speaker 1: And the rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of kelp forest are the gray seals. [00:31:49] Speaker ?: The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. [00:31:57] Speaker 1: The rulers of the kelp forest provide food and cover. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. [00:32:01] Speaker ?: The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. The rulers of the kelp forest are the gray seals. 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The rulers of the kelp forest. [00:37:07] Speaker ?: The rulers of the kelp forest. The rulers of the kelp forest. [00:37:32] Speaker 1: Normally these orcas hunt herring. In Iceland. But the pod keeps coming. To the Shetland Islands. They're probably attracted. To the kelp forest's. Rich food supply. In the summer. It ended well. For the female this time. But there will be more attacks. While giants. Are free to roam. The North Sea. Tiny creatures. Are often tied. To one place. They have to deal. They have to deal. With extreme conditions. Especially. In the largest mud flats. On earth. The Wadden Sea. No habitat. In the North Sea. Changes so fast. Is so dynamic. For it is made. Of sand. Over the years. A transformation. Becomes visible. It's not only. Long term changes. That affect life here. But above all. The daily ones. In contrast. To other. North Sea coasts. The shore here. Descends. Is not only. [00:39:16] Speaker ?: The shore. Is not only. [00:39:18] Speaker 1: The shore. Is not only. The shore. Is not only. [00:39:22] Speaker ?: The shore. Is not only. The shore. Is not only. The shore. [00:39:27] Speaker 1: Is not only. The shore. Is not only. The shore. Is not only. [00:39:32] Speaker ?: The shore. Is not only. The shore. Is not only. The shore. [00:39:37] Speaker 1: Is not only. The shore. Is not only. The shore. [00:39:41] Speaker ?: Is not only. [00:39:42] Speaker 1: The shore. Is not only. This male is looking for food. A dead whelk washed up with the tide. To survive in the Wadden Sea, you have to seize every opportunity. Small shrimps, mussels, or simple scraps, he'll take anything. It's not just crabs that find food here. Enter the nomads of the air. [00:40:40] Speaker ?: It's not just crabs that find food. It's not just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. It's just crabs that find food. [00:41:36] Speaker 1: Hundreds of thousands of migratory birds are here to eat their fill before continuing on to their breeding grounds. They're actually no danger to the male shore crab. And yet it has to watch out now because its worst enemy is hiding among the birds. They mainly eat mussels and starfish. But if they find a crab, that's a special delicacy. For this male and the other crabs, a deadly game of hide-and-seek ensues. [00:42:36] Speaker ?: They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. They're just crabs that find food. [00:43:06] Speaker 1: If you don't take cover now, you're easy prey. Once the legs are removed, the rest is swallowed whole. The male shore crab was lucky. Everyone gets their share in the Wadden Sea. But why is this habitat so overabundant? It's all down to the moon. It's gravitational pull drags the water of our seas towards it. [00:44:13] Speaker ?: That's why we have tides. [00:44:14] Speaker 1: This interplay constantly flushes fresh nutrients into the Wadden Sea, a paradise for lugworms. They sift the ground for food and then excrete it as sand. The worms, clams, clams, and crabs hidden under the surface not only attract masses of birds, but plenty of other residents too. 2,500 species live in these waters. 2,500 species live in these waters. 3,500 species live in these waters. Most must either move back and forth with the tides or burrow down so they're always covered by water. [00:45:21] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:45:26] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:45:32] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:45:34] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:45:40] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:45:42] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:45:49] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 2,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:04] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:10] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:14] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:18] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:19] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:21] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:22] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:34] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:36] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:41] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:46] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:46:51] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:47:12] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:47:15] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:47:34] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:47:36] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:08] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:12] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:13] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:16] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:34] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:35] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:36] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:42] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:47] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:51] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:48:52] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:49:04] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:49:11] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:49:21] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:49:22] Speaker 1: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 2,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. [00:49:38] Speaker ?: 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. 1,500 species live in these waters. you