Ocean with David Attenborough (Full Documentary) — World Ocean Day Special — National Geographic

[00:00:00] Speaker 1: Transcription by CastingWords [00:00:30] Speaker 2: All life began in the deep blue sea. Its flow and force have shaped our world. Revered and feared since humans first walked the earth. An immense, hidden realm. Visible only in our imagination. For hundreds of thousands of years. Only now are we discovering what our ocean means for our world. What we have found could change the course of our future forever. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. [00:01:55] Speaker ?: What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. what we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. [00:02:28] Speaker 2: What we have seen in the deep blue sea. Humans have always looked out at the open blue horizon. And wondered what lies beyond. Yet it has remained almost entirely a mystery. What we have seen in the deep blue sea. After living for nearly a hundred years on this planet. I now understand the most important place on earth. Is not on land. But at sea. And today we are living in the greatest age. Of ocean discovery. For many of us. The world beyond the beach. Is still dark. Threatening and dangerous. Out of sight. And most certainly. Out of mind. Out of mind. It's time. To take the plunge. To go. Beneath the waves. For once you've truly seen the sea. You'll never look at earth. In the same way again. In my lifetime. Our ability to see the ocean. has been transformed. The invention of scuba gear. Has been transformed. The invention of scuba gear. Changed everything. Suddenly. An extraordinary new world of wonder and surprise. Came into view. It wasn't long before we found a way to explore that dark distant part of the planet. That had remained hidden for so long. For so long. We journeyed into the deep. And gazed. At the bottom. [00:04:24] Speaker ?: Of the sea. [00:04:25] Speaker 2: In the years that followed. I could never have imagined. What we'd find. Miles below the surface. Yet. To this day. We have seen more of other planets. Than we have. Of the ocean. Now. We are making discoveries. That completely. To this day. [00:04:41] Speaker ?: We have seen more of other planets. Than we have. Of the ocean. [00:04:44] Speaker 2: Now. We are making discoveries. That completely. We have seen more of other planets. Than we have. Of the ocean. [00:04:51] Speaker ?: Now. [00:04:52] Speaker 2: We are making discoveries. That completely. Change our understanding. And. Could offer. A better future. For everyone. On earth. Even in the waters. We know least about. Those. Furthest. From land. The high seas. Or. Open ocean. The last. Great. Wilderness. [00:05:24] Speaker ?: It's not owned. By any nation. But shared. By everyone. [00:05:27] Speaker 2: In the world. The open ocean. Is truly. Ours. Its waters. Are the deepest. And the most remote. Much of it. Has still never been seen. By human beings. It's our final frontier. [00:05:38] Speaker ?: Until recently. [00:05:38] Speaker 2: are the deepest and the most remote. Much of it has still never been seen by human beings. It's our final frontier. Until recently, we assumed it to be a largely empty desert. The few creatures we knew of wandering this open world remained a mystery. Now, a new, far more connected picture is emerging of the Big Blue. Some of these travelers, such as sharks and tuna, have been transmitting enormous migrations across the entire planet on an endless search for food. And we have only just learned how these voyagers find their way out here. Steering along the twists and turns of particular currents. They come together from across the globe at a few precious places. The sea mounts. Submarine mountains soaring up to three miles high. They stand in the path of ocean currents, causing water to rise from the deep, bringing with it food. Only now are we understanding just how important they really are. As pit stops and end points on ocean odysseys. Perhaps most exciting of all, [00:08:33] Speaker ?: we have just discovered there are nearly twice as many of these OACs as we had thought. Some 40,000 of them across the sea floor. We have just discovered there are nearly twice as many of these OACs as we had thought. Some 40,000 of them across the sea floor. [00:08:52] Speaker 2: Some 40,000 of them across the sea floor. Perhaps most exciting of all, we have just discovered there are nearly twice as many of these OACs as we had thought. Some 40,000 of them across the sea floor. So the open ocean is not a featureless desert after all. It is more connected than we had ever imagined. Back towards the shore, closer to land, there is a more familiar world. This is the other great ocean realm, the shallow coastal seas. And this is where we get most of our seafood. The shallow seas, we regard as being owned by the nations living on the lands next to them. These coastal countries have exclusive rights to exploit an area within a few hundred kilometers of shore. This shallow region above the continental shelf is a magical world where everything is bathed in sunlight. [00:11:09] Speaker ?: This is giant kelp, the tallest living thing [00:11:25] Speaker 2: in the ocean. Beneath its towering canopies, [00:11:29] Speaker ?: we've discovered [00:11:29] Speaker 2: a high-rise kelp. the tallest living thing in the ocean. Beneath its towering canopies, we've discovered a high-rise community. The forest needs its many residents to survive. Sea urchins do the gardening, and the kelp is kept in check. If these gardens get too abundant, this is the result. Fortunately for the kelp, there are urchin eaters, too. It's a world in delicate balance. It's a world in delicate balance. To have found just off our coasts, jungles, to rival any on land, was extraordinary. It was the equivalent of discovering a new tropical rainforest full of marvels that we had barely glimpsed before. Scientists had no idea of the sheer scale of these forests, or the speed at which they grew. They border a quarter of the world's coasts, and we are still finding more of them, even now. And only within the last couple of years have we found the world's largest seagrass meadow. This increased the global estimate of this habitat by nearly half. And we have found that ocean jungles and meadows absorb far more carbon than the same area of rainforest on land. We now know that, together, they could help us avoid climate disaster. In the coastal seas close to the equator lies a tropical world of seemingly endless surprise. The first time I used scuba gear to dive on a coral reef, I was so taken aback by the spectacle before me, I forgot, momentarily, to breathe. nothing I had ever seen on man had come close to the sensory overload of so much life and such diversity right before my eyes. everywhere I looked, at every scan, there was something new. [00:15:17] Speaker ?: I looked at every scan, there was something new. [00:15:22] Speaker 2: everywhere I looked, at every scan, there was something new. one could spend days swimming above it and never tire of the colors, the movement, the interactions, its life at its most mesmerizing. We knew that coral reefs harbored astonishing diversity ever since we first set eyes on them. I remember reading how Charles Darwin puzzled over how reefs form and how they can turn even the most barren places into oases of life. Even the most barren places into oases of life into oases of life, we now know their secret and it's wonderful. These stories are animals. But this is just part of their story. Within their bodies live plant-like algae. The algae use sunlight to produce the food the corals need to survive. as the corals grow, they build stone castles around their soft bodies for protection. And in doing so, they create the planet's largest living structures. It's extraordinary to think that this one relationship can turn undersea deserts into the most complex and diverse community in the ocean. And the closer one looks, the more one sees. In this crowded world of color, there isn't a shape or size that's not at home. A greater variety of life may seem hard to imagine. yet we keep finding more... ..and more. These little box of crabs have been found to wear clumps of venomous anemones as gloves with which to defend themselves. And the peacock mantis shrimp has the most complex eyesight of any animal. It's not a good animal. 2,000 new marine species are being discovered every year. From coral crunchers and grazers, to helpers and hunters. We once believed that if you removed the sharks, there would be more fish. Now we are learning how wrong we were. We are seeing that the entire reef depends on all of these relationships. If just one is removed, everything and everyone that relies on this coral community could be in trouble. [00:20:13] Speaker ?: There are things we hope discovered about the shallow coastal seas that directly affect our everyday life. All eight billion of us. [00:20:29] Speaker 2: Currents sweep up the walls of the continental shelf, carrying nutrients from the ocean. So, creating the most productive waters in our ocean. Currents sweep up the walls of the continental shelf, carrying nutrients from the ocean floor, so creating the most productive waters in our ocean. This makes them the perfect place for phytoplankton. [00:20:59] Speaker ?: These single-celled plants flourish here in unimaginable quantities. [00:20:59] Speaker 2: These single-celled plants flourish here in unimaginable quantities. These single-celled plants are very hard to use. [00:21:02] Speaker ?: They are very hard to use. [00:21:02] Speaker 2: They are very hard to use, but they are very hard to use. They are very hard to use. [00:21:04] Speaker ?: They are very hard to use. They are very hard to use, but they are very hard to use. They are very hard to use. They are very hard to use. They are very hard to use. [00:21:09] Speaker 2: They are very hard to use. They are very hard to use. This makes them the perfect place for phytoplankton. These single-celled plants flourish here in unimaginable quantities, absorbing vast amounts of carbon dioxide. We have just discovered that ocean plankton remove almost a third of our carbon emissions. They could be our greatest ally in avoiding climate catastrophe. What is more, we now know that they produce more oxygen than all the trees on Earth combined. That is half of the air we breathe. They are also the most important source of food under the waves. Yet until recently, we have been unable to see this world in such detail. New images such as these reveal that billions of these tiny battles are taking place at any one moment. These zooplankton are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are fuel for the biggest shoals of fish, and almost every food chain in the sea. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:23:18] Speaker ?: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:24:07] Speaker 2: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:24:17] Speaker ?: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:24:20] Speaker 2: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:24:24] Speaker ?: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:24:47] Speaker 2: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:24:57] Speaker ?: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:24:59] Speaker 2: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:25:23] Speaker ?: They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. They are the most abundant animals on Earth. [00:26:05] Speaker 2: From the surface, you would have no idea that this is happening. It has remained hidden from view until now. A modern, industrial, autumn trawler scours the ocean floor with a chain or metal beam, forcing anything it disturbs into the net behind. It smashes its way across the seabed, destroying nearly everything in its path. Often, on the hunt, fall just a single species. Almost everything else is discarded. Over three quarters of a tallest catch may be thrown away. It's hard to imagine a more wasteful way to catch fish. An area almost the size of the entire Amazon rainforest is trawled every year. And much of that seabed is ploughed again. Over and over. Over and over. This churning of the sediment unleashes vast amounts of carbon dioxide, which in turn contributes to the warming of our planet. The trawlers tear the seabed with such force that their trails of destruction can be seen from space. Very few places are safe from this. Including almost nowhere in my own country. [00:29:07] Speaker 3: We have lived and relied on food from the sea around the island for over 5,000 years. Everything is so different under the sea. There's no houses, no roads, no telephones. It's just nature 100%. When I used to go scallop diving, you would dive down to the seabed and just acclimatize yourself. Things that look like plants down there are animals. And they've been there for millions of years. Slowly but surely you would see a complete bed of scallops. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. [00:30:53] Speaker ?: It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. It's ancient, can take a hundred years to grow. [00:31:27] Speaker 3: The first time that I dived over in an area that a scallop dredge had just been over, it was just heartbreaking. All sorts of animals just smashed to pieces. It was like swimming over the Garden of Eden to a nuclear winter. The community watched from the shore as these boats go up and down, closer and closer, over and over again, just for a few scallops. The scallop dredge has said, we have the right to do this and it's completely legal. They were taking the future out of the sea and the island community would be left with the wreckage. The feeling was just of complete disbelief. How can this be allowed to happen? It's difficult to try and explain to people just exactly how abundant it once was here. Just how much has been lost. [00:33:38] Speaker 2: The idea of bulldozing through a pristine rainforest causes outrage. Yet we do the equivalent underwater thousands of times every day. Ancient seagulls meadows ploughed into silt. Delicate hundred-year-old sponge gardens that once sheltered bustling communities. Delicate hundred-year-old communities. Destroyed in an instant. In an instant. Surely, you would assume, it must be illegal. But it's not only legal, but actually encouraged by the laws of today. Bottom trawling is still allowed in many so-called marine protected areas worldwide. And perhaps even more astonishingly, it is subsidized by governments. $20 billion are spent every year supporting overfishing on an industrial scale. [00:35:27] Speaker ?: So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. So, let's move on to the right side of the world. [00:36:11] Speaker 2: "Vast factories now travel the seas. They work day and night. Further and faster than ever. It seems nowhere is off limits. Even the open ocean. It seems to be the right side of the world." "Lines of baited hooks, 50 miles long, wheel in millions of sharks every year. We have now killed two thirds of all large predatory fish." "Wolves of nets hundreds of meters high leave few survivors." "Sharks and turtles survive the extinction of the dinosaurs but may not outlive this." The change is simple. We once fished a few places near shore to feed our communities. Now, we fish everywhere, all the time. And I have lived through this change. There are tales from 400 years ago, of coastal waters so thick with fish, boats could barely move through them. No one, alive today, has known the abundance of a truly wild ocean. There are now simply fewer fish in the sea. Wherever we look, in every part of our ocean, the evidence is clear. [00:39:19] Speaker ?: There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. [00:39:27] Speaker 2: Many seabird colonies are starving and in the final stages of collapse. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. Every year, more nests fail. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. [00:39:41] Speaker ?: There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. [00:39:45] Speaker 2: There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. [00:39:52] Speaker ?: There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. [00:40:05] Speaker 4: There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. [00:40:26] Speaker ?: There are now, in every part of our ocean, the sea. There are now, in every part of our ocean. [00:40:49] Speaker 4: There are now, in every part of our ocean. Then, everything changed. [00:41:19] Speaker ?: There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. There are now, in every part of our ocean. [00:41:38] Speaker 4: Where the tallest fish, is where we fish. We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:08] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:11] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:13] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:14] Speaker 1: We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:16] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:20] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:23] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:24] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:25] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to the shore. [00:42:26] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to the shore. 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[00:43:11] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:43:13] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. [00:43:14] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:43:24] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:43:26] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:43:28] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:43:38] Speaker 4: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:43:41] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. 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We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:45:23] Speaker 2: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. Antarctic krill. For whales, fish, and penguins, krill is the most important source of food throughout the Southern Ocean. [00:46:08] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:46:41] Speaker 2: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:46:45] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:46:57] Speaker 2: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:47:16] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:47:26] Speaker 2: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:47:43] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:47:53] Speaker 2: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:48:10] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:48:53] Speaker 2: Some claim this is sustainable. But we may now be removing the foundation of an entire ecosystem. [00:49:07] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:49:28] Speaker 2: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:49:38] Speaker ?: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. [00:49:41] Speaker 2: We see them, closer to shore. We see them, closer to shore. The ocean is in such poor health, that I would find it hard not to lose hope, were it not for the most remarkable discovery of all. The ocean can recover faster than we had ever thought possible. It can bounce back to life. For if left alone, it may not just recover, but thrive beyond anything anyone alive has ever seen. We can be sure of this beyond any doubt, because it is already happening. For over 200 years, this area was fished intensively with nets and traps. With the predators removed, urchin numbers exploded. Soaring kelp forest was transformed into a barren world. With little left to catch, the decision was made to stop all fishing across nearly 300 square miles. With little left to catch, it would be a marine reserve or no-take zone. Once protected, the predators could begin to recover. Balance was restored. In just five years, the forests were once again flourishing. And with them, a thriving, bustling neighbourhood. Safe from fishing, the animals had time to grow big. And the larger a female spiny lobster can grow, the more eggs she can release. As the larvae disperse, they begin a journey into the unknown. Leaving the safety of the kelp, many are carried by currents into the open sea. Lobster larvae may travel for thousands of miles, even crossing international borders. They keep moving for almost a year, developing and growing along the way. And the chances are that when they finally settle, they are outside the no-take zone. This is how lobster populations spill into unprotected waters, reviving fisheries far and wide. [00:53:59] Speaker 5: Initially, it had almost no effect whatsoever. And then the spillover started to happen. Eventually, it turned into something that was very hard to ignore. On one particular day, fishing on the edge of the reserve, we pulled up the trap of my career. The most I'd ever seen in a trap. One for the record books right there. It was an ecstatic moment. And it was an eye-opening moment. I think every fisherman I know will acknowledge the fact that the reserves are working. It's an amazing thing to see how abundant the species is. There's a bit of magic in there. There's a bit of magic in there. That's for certain. [00:55:15] Speaker ?: You know? [00:55:15] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is literally overflowing with marine life. If we just let nature take its course, the sea will save itself. [00:55:50] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:55:53] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:55:59] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:56:02] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:56:11] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:56:37] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:56:42] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. [00:56:43] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:56:49] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:01] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:04] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:05] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:09] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:30] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:31] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:42] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:57:46] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:58:00] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:58:06] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:58:10] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:58:13] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. [00:58:14] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:58:33] Speaker 6: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:00] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:03] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:06] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:08] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:14] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:17] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:34] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:36] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:41] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [00:59:47] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:01] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:05] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:09] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:12] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:18] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:35] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:39] Speaker 1: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:41] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:00:45] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:01:05] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:01:11] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:01:13] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:01:38] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. [01:01:39] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:01:45] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:01:48] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:01] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:03] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:10] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:11] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:13] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:31] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:33] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:34] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:02:46] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:03:00] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:03:03] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:03:05] Speaker 7: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:03:43] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:04:02] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:04:17] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:04:19] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:04:36] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. [01:04:37] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:04:42] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:05:00] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:05:07] Speaker ?: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. [01:05:14] Speaker 2: The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. The no-take zone is the same. When corals experience heat stress, they evict their plant partners and turn ghostly white. During filming, the temperature of our ocean rose higher than ever before. A devastating heat wave traveled across the planet. Transforming even the largest and most established tropical reefs. As far as we know, these reefs have never looked like this before. These elk-horn corals in the Caribbean were some of the last. We are likely here to be witnessing the extinction of species before our very eyes. This was the biggest global mass bleaching event in recorded history. If the warming continues, the corals never recover. They're smothered by algae and die. Nearly all coral reefs are predicted to disappear in the next 30 years. You could be forgiven for thinking there is no hope left at all. But there is. In just a few places, the coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:03] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:04] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:10] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:13] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:20] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:33] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:38] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:08:56] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:09:03] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:09:16] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:09:20] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:09:28] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:09:34] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:09:47] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:10:18] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:10:20] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:10:37] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:10:44] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. 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The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:01] Speaker 4: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:03] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:04] Speaker 4: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:06] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:08] Speaker 4: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:20] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:21] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:29] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:31] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:34] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:37] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:41] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:13:50] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. 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[01:14:36] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:14:45] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:14:55] Speaker 2: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. [01:15:03] Speaker ?: The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. The coral reefs are the most important. 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