Disruption: Climate Change — The Urgency of the Climate Crisis — 4K

[00:00:00] Speaker ?: Thank you. [00:00:30] Speaker 1: This is Apollo 8, coming to you live from the Moon. The vast loneliness up here of the Moon is awe-inspiring, and it makes you realize just what you have back there in Earth. The Earth from here is a grand oasis in the big vastness of space. [00:01:07] Speaker 2: Oh, my God, look at that picture over there. There's the Earth coming up. Wow, isn't that crazy? You got a color film, Jim? Hand me a roll of color, quick, would you? I am. Where is it? Quick. Oh, I got it, Ray. Oh, that's a beautiful shot. [00:01:32] Speaker 3: From the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, and God bless all of you. All of you on the good Earth. All of you on the good night. [00:01:43] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:02:28] Speaker 3: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:02:31] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:02:42] Speaker 4: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:02:44] Speaker 5: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:02:49] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. [00:02:50] Speaker 6: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:02:58] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:01] Speaker 7: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:12] Speaker 4: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:14] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:25] Speaker 8: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:32] Speaker 9: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:47] Speaker 10: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:50] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:52] Speaker 11: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:03:59] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:04:35] Speaker 12: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:04:47] Speaker 13: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:05:09] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:05:12] Speaker 14: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:05:35] Speaker 15: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:05:42] Speaker 16: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:06:05] Speaker 17: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:06:35] Speaker 18: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:06:44] Speaker 19: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:07:05] Speaker 18: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:07:10] Speaker 16: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:07:49] Speaker 17: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:08:05] Speaker 18: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:08:20] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:08:24] Speaker 20: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:08:47] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. [00:08:48] Speaker 18: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:09:05] Speaker 16: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:09:15] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. [00:09:16] Speaker 16: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:09:19] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:09:22] Speaker 21: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:09:35] Speaker 14: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:09:46] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:05] Speaker 22: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:12] Speaker 23: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:20] Speaker 14: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:25] Speaker 16: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:39] Speaker 24: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:41] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:45] Speaker 25: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:10:55] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:07] Speaker 25: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:10] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. [00:11:11] Speaker 25: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:13] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:15] Speaker 25: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:21] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:23] Speaker 25: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:38] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. [00:11:39] Speaker 25: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:11:54] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:12:19] Speaker 26: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:12:46] Speaker 27: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:12:56] Speaker 28: All of you on the good night. [00:13:05] Speaker 29: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:13:09] Speaker 30: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:13:20] Speaker 31: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:13:47] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:14:05] Speaker 31: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:14:32] Speaker ?: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:14:34] Speaker 31: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:14:57] Speaker 32: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:15:00] Speaker 31: All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. All of you on the good night. [00:15:27] Speaker 33: The whole world is heating up. Because of a global greenhouse effect. [00:15:31] Speaker 17: Scientists had been saying for a long time. That climate change might occur. But 1988 is the year. When Jim Hansen and his team at NASA. Say both in the scientific peer reviewed literature. And in public. That it's actually happening. [00:15:45] Speaker 19: The changes in atmospheric composition. That humans were making. Was going to have a big impact. On the earth's climate. The greenhouse effect has been detected. And it is changing our climate now. [00:15:56] Speaker 17: Hansen's testimony was reported. On the front page of the New York Times. And there was actually a bill. Introduced into Congress. The National Energy Policy Act. To immediately begin to phase out. The use of fossil fuels. In order to prevent. Disruptive climate change. And of course that was supported. By the creation of the IPCC. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. That year. So there was political momentum. There was some scientific momentum. There was strong scientific evidence. There was media attention. And then the whole thing. Kind of fell apart. [00:16:24] Speaker 34: The Earth Summit. A 12 day. 178 nation conference. On the environment. Began today. In Rio de Janeiro. Battle lines. Are already drawn. Between the haves. And the have nots. So far. All the agreements. Are non binding. [00:16:39] Speaker 33: Requiring. No specific action. On the environment. [00:16:42] Speaker 20: As time has gone on. The scientific warnings. Keep intensifying. And yet. There has been. No effective. Political response. All political efforts. To get a handle. On this issue. Have essentially failed. I am the one. That is burdened. [00:16:55] Speaker 16: With finding the balance. Between. Sound environmental practice. On the one hand. And jobs. For American families. On the other. The agreement. [00:17:03] Speaker ?: Hammered out. In Kyoto. [00:17:05] Speaker 35: Japan. Requires. Industrialized nations. To make. Substantial cuts. In greenhouse. Gas emissions. The United States. [00:17:13] Speaker 20: Actually never ratified. The Kyoto Protocol. Which is one reason. It didn't work. President Bush. Ignited a storm. [00:17:19] Speaker 36: Of controversy. When he decided. To abandon. The Kyoto Protocol. Which sets. Caps. [00:17:25] Speaker ?: On the emissions. [00:17:25] Speaker 36: Of greenhouse gases. In developed nations. [00:17:27] Speaker 24: For nearly two weeks. The U.S. delegation. Had blocked. Proposal. After proposal. Draft. After draft. Refusing. To even discuss. Mandatory cuts. [00:17:37] Speaker 4: In greenhouse emissions. Now we switch. To the big climate conference. Going on. In Copenhagen. [00:17:42] Speaker 37: Today. Developing countries. Made themselves heard. People. Are dying. Led by Africa. 135 nations. Including India. And China. Staged a five hour. Boycott. Angry over what they say. Are insufficient. Carbon cuts. Closed by the world's. Rich countries. [00:17:58] Speaker 16: If Hollywood had been. Writing the story. You know. It all would have. Come right in the end. And all the nations. Would have pledged. Their best effort. And nothing like that. Happened. The thing was a fiasco. [00:18:09] Speaker 37: A failure. The frustrations. Of the last ten days. Explode on the streets. Of Copenhagen. Outside the Bella Center. Where negotiators. Still haven't reached. A climate agreement. Twenty five hundred. Protesters. Try to storm the hall. To make an impact. [00:18:22] Speaker 16: Nothing happened. Because the fossil fuel industry. Was still strong enough. To scare nations into. Avoiding the issue. What happened in Copenhagen. [00:18:30] Speaker 15: For a lot of people. Was this realization. No leader was coming to save us. [00:18:35] Speaker 16: We have to be strong enough. To scare our national leaders. Into doing the right thing. In New York City. In September. If we can demonstrate that. Then better things will happen. In Paris. Than happened in Copenhagen. [00:18:50] Speaker 14: These things are not. Separate moments in time. This is all part of one string. And what we're fighting towards. In Paris. Is highly dependent. On what happens in September. This is going to have to be. The fight of our lives. [00:19:11] Speaker 38: Welcome to this press conference. To present the report. Of IPCC working group three. [00:19:18] Speaker 39: On mitigation of climate change. If we really want to bring about. A limitation of temperature increase. To no more than two degrees Celsius. There is then the need. For an unprecedented level. Of international cooperation. [00:19:33] Speaker 18: The way we've approached climate change. Is the scientific community. Builds the case. It synthesizes the evidence. It presents that evidence. Then to the policy makers. We've proven beyond a doubt. That climate change. Is real. That the earth's temperature. Is warming. That that warming. Is predominantly caused. By the burning of fossil fuels. And other human activities. And that that additional warming. Poses a significant threat. What the policy making community. Did was. They came up with a definition. Of what they called. Dangerous human interference. [00:20:08] Speaker 20: In 2009. The nations of the world. Agreed on a target. Of two degrees centigrade. Or 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Of maximum warming. Above the pre-industrial level. That would require. Emissions worldwide. Almost entirely. Stopping. Within a matter of decades. A lot of people. [00:20:27] Speaker 10: Talk about two degrees. Being the safe level. Well there is. No safe level. Two degrees. Is a. Round number. That. Would be safer. But. Will still have. Substantial climate impacts. [00:20:39] Speaker 16: One degree. Is melting. The arctic. And the antarctic. Crazy. To find out. What two degrees. Will do. Even if we do everything. [00:20:48] Speaker ?: Right. [00:20:48] Speaker 16: At this point. That's about. [00:20:50] Speaker ?: As. [00:20:50] Speaker 16: Good an outcome. As we can. Hope for. [00:20:53] Speaker ?: The other thing. [00:20:54] Speaker 18: With the ipcc. Did. Was that they. [00:20:57] Speaker ?: Tied that. [00:20:57] Speaker 18: Two degrees celsius. Three point six degrees. Fahrenheit. Threshold. To. The amount. Of fossil fuels. That we can actually burn. And they came up. With this red line. In the sand. Which was a trillion tons. [00:21:09] Speaker ?: Of carbon. [00:21:10] Speaker 20: The problem is. That we're already. More than halfway there. We're approaching. Six hundred million tons. Already. And at the rate. Things are going. We will have completely. Exhausted. That carbon budget. Within. Thirty years. [00:21:23] Speaker 16: The same leaders. Who say. They. Want the temperature. To go up. No more than two degrees. Have put forward. Of proposals. That when you. Add them up. Leads to the temperature. Rising. Six degrees. A point. Past which. Most sane. Scientists. Think. Civilization. On the scale. [00:21:43] Speaker ?: That we now. [00:21:44] Speaker 20: Know it. Will not. Be possible. It's almost. A kind of. Refusal. To come to grips. With reality. There's just. This enormous. Gap. Between. [00:21:56] Speaker ?: What countries. [00:21:57] Speaker 16: Say. They want to do. [00:21:59] Speaker ?: And what they're actually. On track to do. [00:21:59] Speaker 16: Mathematics. You got to leave. Eighty percent. Fossil fuel. In the ground. [00:22:04] Speaker ?: Fossil fuel. [00:22:05] Speaker 16: Industry. Wants to burn. All its reserves. If they do. Then we get. That six degrees. [00:22:11] Speaker 18: Each. Day. Of inaction. Each day. A business. As usual. Puts us. Closer and closer. On this. Crash course. [00:22:21] Speaker ?: Two months. And. We're. Two months out. From this. [00:22:26] Speaker 31: Demo. And. Obviously. We all know. In this room. A tremendous amount of work. Has happened. Is happening. Every day. Getting the word out. Organizing people. Mobilizing people. At this point. Every day. Counts. And every day. When we miss an opportunity. It's gone. [00:22:44] Speaker 40: Because it's not just a one day march. It's our long term ability. To build a strong climate movement. That we need to invest in. So being inclusive to us. Is really about. Multiple things. But recognizing that. We live in a. Society. Where there's privilege. There are inequities. In order to address. The climate crisis. We have to first. Address those inequities. That will allow us. To then bring. A movement strong enough. To address the global. Ecological crisis. [00:23:11] Speaker 41: If you think for a second. About this. And. There is this. Just layer of stuff. Under the ground. Got put there. At a specific time. In a specific way. And it just captured. Millennia. Of solar energy. And we just. Happened upon it. It's like. If you were just walking around. And then like. Oh. You put something in the ground. There's just millions of dollar bills. Down there. Just like. Pulling them out. Everything about what we do. And who we are. And how we live. Is dependent. About the fact. That we just. Found this stuff. Sitting there. Oh. You don't have to. Have everyone. Working in the fields. All the time. You can have cities. You can have cars. You can have iPhones. And the way I view it is. As incredible as that stuff is. We've been paying this price on it. The whole time. Right. And there's this clock running. The classic market failure. Is. [00:24:00] Speaker ?: Negative environmental externalities. That's just jargon for. You're not paying the full costs. [00:24:03] Speaker 10: Of. The fossil fuels that you burn. The racket. That the fossil fuel industry. Has run. Is. To take. Costs of its product. And. Export them. To the public. [00:24:14] Speaker ?: Think about. [00:24:14] Speaker 10: You know the. [00:24:15] Speaker 36: The litany of impacts. From sea level rise. Ocean acidification. The collapse of ecosystems. That we rely on for food. Water availability. of its product and export them to the public. [00:24:25] Speaker 14: - Think about the litany of impacts from sea level rise, ocean acidification, the collapse of ecosystems that we rely on for food, water availability. These things are really expensive. When you have huge wildfires, it costs a lot of money. All of those costs are being dumped onto us as a society and not being paid by people who are polluting. [00:24:46] Speaker 21: - These big, massive polluters get to dump megatons of carbon in the atmosphere for free. You can't pollute for free. [00:24:54] Speaker 36: If you litter, you get a fine. - That makes coal and oil and other fossil fuels more competitive against solar and wind and other sources than they deserve to be. Behind the environmental problems that carbon pollution causes and behind the economic problems is a political problem that a very small group of very powerful special interests have exerted very rough control over the political establishment. [00:25:23] Speaker 15: - We're up against the fossil fuel lobby that has complete access to the political class and the ability to bribe through legal means and blackmail through the use of attack ads and so on. Even people who oppose them have trouble opposing them too strongly because they're in some ways economically dependent on them. [00:25:42] Speaker 21: - Right now, we have a monopoly control by big carbon polluters. They grant themselves subsidy after subsidy. Think about this. How much money does the Pentagon spend helping big private oil companies get their for-profit products from the Middle East here? About half the Pentagon's budget is just helping Chevron and Shell and Exxon get their for-profit product here. What if they had to pay for that service? How much would gas cost then? Plus, they also get all kind of tax breaks and other kind of loopholes. [00:26:14] Speaker 15: - They are in a system based on a grow-or-die ethic. Rather than respond to the climate crisis by scaling back, they're doubling down through fracking, through tar sands oil, through coal exports, mountaintop removal. They have become more brazen. [00:26:28] Speaker 16: - It's a rogue industry. It's an industry, if whose business plan is followed to the letter, will wreck the planet. Once you know that, then you know that these are now illegitimate business plans. We have to figure out how to disassociate ourselves with them. And that is beginning to happen all over the world. [00:26:54] Speaker 42: - On the Great Lawn of Central Park, I was up on a stage probably 70 feet in the air, looking out at that sea of people, stretching out farther than the eye could see. - The crowd estimates later were larger than a million people. [00:27:19] Speaker 33: - April the 22nd, 1970. The grassroots mobilization, which we recall as the first Earth Day, 20 million Americans called away from their jobs and their classes into the streets of their communities. [00:27:32] Speaker 42: - When Nixon was looking at television, at these huge crowds in city after city after city across the country, he apparently muttered to Erlichman, "Man, a lot of those people have got to be Republican." And Republicans needed him to do something for them on this issue, he felt. And it was Nixon, arguably one of the most anti-environmental presidents in American history, who felt compelled to sign the Clean Air Act. [00:27:56] Speaker 43: - I think the things that we've been doing to date are a reason to give us a little bit of hope. We've seen a degree of responsiveness on the part of now, of the House of Representatives and on the part of the U.S. Senate. [00:28:08] Speaker 42: - In a matter of three years, we passed the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, National Environmental Policy Act, the Environmental Education Act, Superfund. I'd go so far as to say that with the possible exception of the New Deal, it was the most fundamental restructuring of the ground rules of the American economic system that the nation has experienced. [00:28:38] Speaker 26: - All right, folks, we are 50 days away from the largest climate march in history. Are y'all ready? - Yeah! - This is not just about the environment. It's about the community. It's about public health. It's about jobs. It's about justice. [00:28:59] Speaker 32: - It was labor that got this city up and moved. - Yes! - Yes! - And it'll be labor that continues to move this city. - We are the community. Are we not the community? - We are the community. - For our people, our people who have been at the front line, not being able to breathe, suffering from asthma, upper respiratory, pulmonary disease, cancer clusters, because of environmental racism. [00:29:22] Speaker 11: - Climate change exacerbates every kind of social injustice that faith communities have fought against for thousands of years. - And we will not stop marching and praying and acting until we have a strong climate treaty. - We've got a movement, brothers and sisters, [00:29:40] Speaker 26: and we've got to stay together. - So join us on the 21st to march and send that signal to the United Nations. - The people united will never be defeated. [00:29:51] Speaker 3: - The people united will never be defeated. [00:29:58] Speaker 16: - It's only by accident that we even think of climate change as an environmental issue. You could just as easily think of it as another example of what happens in an unequal society. The people who've contributed the least to climate change and who benefited the least from the use of fossil fuel are the first people to feel the effects. People in the poorest parts of the world suffer enormously already and will suffer enormously more as the century wears on. [00:30:27] Speaker 21: - Climate disruption is a social justice issue. Who gets hit first and worst every time there's one of these weather disasters? It's low-income people, it's people of color, it's people who can't get out of harm's way and people who can't bounce back easily 'cause they don't have the money or the social standing or the political connections. [00:30:47] Speaker 44: Our communities are disproportionately impacted. We're all seeing that it's the indigenous people, the people of color, the low-income people who have historically suffered the burden of so many other politically-driven crises. [00:31:01] Speaker 15: - There are so many countries that have been systematically plundered over hundreds of years and this is often described as an ecological debt, climate debt. The whole idea that there are disposable places was always a racist idea. - The idea of sacrifice zones, just treating people in places like garbage. [00:31:25] Speaker 16: - The place where it's hardest for it to sink in is in the suburban United States. We're insulated against the natural world, that's what the suburbs really are, a way of making you not notice the natural world very much. And we're insulated in those places by wealth. At least we think we are. [00:31:54] Speaker 5: - Scientists are screaming from the rooftops about us avoiding going over a two-degree rise in the temperature of the planet. Why are they so worried about that? - If we go over that amount of warming, there are feedback loops in our ecosystems, tipping points, that climate change could spin out of control. And it happens like that. [00:32:19] Speaker 18: - There are switches that can be tripped where suddenly you are in brand new territory and you don't even begin to know what to do about it. - This is not a linear kind of problem that we're dealing with. This is very much an exponential kind of problem. [00:32:36] Speaker 5: - Right now, we're on the edge of three major tipping points. The first one is the Arctic ice cap. That ice cap's like a mirror. It reflects the sun's light off of the earth and keeps it from warming us up. But as it melts, you get a smaller mirror, which means a warmer earth, which means more melting, which means more climate change. - Another example is Arctic methane. We've got a gigantic amount of methane gas frozen into the tundra. And it is 50 times as toxic as CO2 is. It's CO2 on steroids. As it warms and that methane gets released, it then causes global warming to get worse, which means it warms more, which means more methane released, which means worse warming. And all of that process spins out of control. Another example of a tipping point is ocean acidification. As you get more CO2 in the atmosphere, a lot of it actually is going into our oceans. And a lot of stuff like plankton can't live in that kind of acidified water. And plankton is the basis of the food chain. If the plankton die, we lose the whole ocean ecosystem. [00:33:41] Speaker 14: - These kinds of feedback loops and tipping points are what keep me up at night, that we will hit one before we're able to turn things around. [00:33:52] Speaker 18: - Even if we went cold Turkey today because of the time lags in our climate system, we've already signed up for things that we can't see yet. [00:34:02] Speaker 5: - We live in a razor thin livable universe. Just a few kilometers below my feet, it's too hot to live. Just a few kilometers above my head, the air is too thin to breathe. It's not about a few more droughts and a few more storms. It's about a catastrophic shift in this fragile balance of our biosphere that threatens everything we love. [00:34:32] Speaker 31: - What we all need to be focused on is turn out, turn out, turn out. [00:34:36] Speaker 27: - Youth, is there somebody that wants to do an update from youth, Armando? [00:34:39] Speaker 29: - Just a quick list of things I wanted to go over. Obviously, a lot of the folks who are working on the youth stuff are at the Climate Justice Youth Leadership Summit. There's a lot of organizing going on right now there for the People's Climate March. So a lot of people who may not have been plugged in already are getting informed about it and the people who already are informed about it are getting even more people fired up about it. [00:35:01] Speaker 44: - There's a lot of things that we pay attention to, that we focus on, that are fun, but they are short-lived and they are not for the betterment of us. We have to reprioritize what's important to us. Our environment isn't just ice caps melting in Antarctica. We're the ones who face the problems day-to-day. If you're breathing in smog or your little brother has asthma, that's environmental injustice and those are things that we have the power to push back on. - Imagine being the person who changes the face of climate change so that we don't have to deal with those impacts every day. [00:35:41] Speaker 9: - So on September 21st, we're gonna march for climate justice. So who's with us? [00:35:46] Speaker ?: Come on, let's keep going. [00:35:58] Speaker 41: - Okay, all right. Yes, yes, we pull the fossil fuels out of the ground. We put them in the incinerator. They put the carbon in the sky. It warms the earth. Lots of bad stuff's gonna happen. Heat waves, extreme weather, floods. Okay, sure. But I mean, really, is that the thing I care about most? You know, there's all these other issues in my life that are more pressing. - For someone who is engaged in a struggle for a higher minimum wage or worries about healthcare, it's understandable that these molecules floating around the air seem invisible and abstract. [00:36:35] Speaker 18: - Humans have this thing that we call a finite pool of worry. You've got your mortgage you've got to pay, you've got your kids you've got to take care of, and they tend to be more immediate. - We respond to things that feel incredibly urgent, like a gun to the head, a stampede of wild elephants, right? Climate change is a completely different kind of risk. It plays out over these very long timescales. It's really hard to perceive it as a very urgent threat. The other thing that happens is that there's something called a single action bias. We have this tendency to see a threat, and then we try to fix it with one thing. It's like this silver bullet solution. When we look at climate change, we become overwhelmed by it, because there's so many different ways that we're going to need to fix it. [00:37:29] Speaker 38: - 25 years, we've been talking about climate change. The level of scientific reports becomes higher and higher and higher. - Why has that still not compelled the majority of people to action? Cognitive psychologists have been mapping the processing systems within our brains, and they found that there are two parallel and deeply interlocked processing systems. The rational side, the analytic side, which deals with information, facts, data. And then we have another side, which is a much more intuitive and emotionally driven side. It is that emotional system that moves us into action. The challenge for climate change is how do we get something that is so based in the science to cross over into the side which makes us feel something. People are reluctant to stand up and to take action if they don't see that the other people around them are taking action. And that is why it's absolutely critical that there are people who are seen to be doing something. They are creating the breakage. Climate change is strangely, maybe uniquely, problematic because not only are we all bystanders, we're also perpetrators, actively contributing to the thing. If we recognize the problem, we become morally compelled to take action on it. And there is a fundamental tipping point at which that has to happen. [00:39:14] Speaker 45: Change doesn't happen 'cause people decide to stay home and click like on Facebook. Change happens because people like you and I decide to get involved. [00:39:24] Speaker 46: We didn't want to leave it to world leaders. Their track record is not very good in dealing with this question. [00:39:34] Speaker 23: I am a trade unionist and I am an environmentalist and I see no conflict whatsoever in those two things. It's in our core self-interest as a trade union movement to help build the path to a sustainable future and get on the right side of the climate change issue sooner rather than later. [00:40:06] Speaker 16: Normally it takes a long time to switch energy sources. You know, 50, 60 years to go from wood to coal, coal to oil and gas. We lack 50, 60 years. [00:40:16] Speaker 14: The reason we want to get off of fossil fuels now is because we have to to protect our way of life. We need a vision [00:40:24] Speaker 15: for what the post-carbon economy looks like that is inspiring enough and delivers enough in terms of jobs, in terms of new opportunities, in terms of better health. It has to be exciting. [00:40:45] Speaker 21: There are many more jobs available to people who are going to be building wind turbines, retrofitting houses so they waste less energy. [00:40:52] Speaker 14: Solar panels have to be installed by a person. That person has to go to your home. There's no way to outsource putting that solar panel onto a roof. [00:41:01] Speaker 15: A 100% renewable economy is within our grasp. It's economically and technologically possible. It's not something that we need to keep researching, keep researching, because it's always off in the distance. No, it's here. It's a question of political will. If you look at the renewable revolution that's happened in Germany, it wasn't about leaving the renewable sector to the market. It was about creating different incentives. [00:41:25] Speaker 14: And there was an explosion of innovation and creativity. Germany is now the number one solar country in the world, even though they have the same amount of solar incidents as Alaska. [00:41:37] Speaker 41: Can we do it? Can we take the power that has been highly centralized and highly focused and controlled by very few hands? And it is not an accident that very few hands controlling power in the sense of electricity leads to very few hands controlling power in the sense of political power. We are going to try a global experiment that is going to be the most difficult thing human beings have ever done, which is to rip those two apart, which means we are democratizing power in both senses of the word. [00:42:20] Speaker 47: The polar ice gap has retreated about 40 percent since 2007. And with the thaw comes access to billions of dollars in untouched resources. Shell, Chevron, and ExxonMobil spending billions on offshore arctic leases. If there's a spell, it would be an unmitigated disaster. [00:42:38] Speaker 15: Fossil fuel companies have to increase their reserves every year. The easy stuff is gone, so they have to go after the dirtiest, the highest risk forms of fossil fuel available. [00:42:48] Speaker 16: Fracking involves millions of gallons of sand, water, and toxic chemicals blasted deep into the earth. [00:42:54] Speaker 48: Some chemicals are leaking into drinking water. [00:42:57] Speaker 23: There's also the leaking of a dangerous greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, methane. [00:43:02] Speaker 49: A Canadian company called TransCanada wants to build the Keystone XL pipeline. The proposed pipeline would deliver tar sands oil from Canada to refineries in Texas. [00:43:12] Speaker 48: Environmental groups concerned about the contamination of the groundwater. [00:43:16] Speaker 4: Another oil cleanup underway following a leak in a pipeline. [00:43:19] Speaker 7: Keystone XL would make us more reliant on the dirtiest source of fuel currently available. [00:43:25] Speaker 20: The Keystone XL pipeline has become a huge focus of controversy. [00:43:30] Speaker 49: An estimated 2,000 environmental activists from across the continent plan to gather in Washington, D.C. [00:43:35] Speaker 20: to launch a two-week protest. It has become a symbol. The climate activists are using it to sort of sharpen their teeth, you might say, and learn how to do hand-to-hand political combat over climate issues. [00:43:47] Speaker 21: You know what's so fascinating about this whole Keystone thing is that that was supposed to be a wedge, and instead, it's been turned upside down. Now it's actually a base that is lining up constituency after constituency together. [00:44:00] Speaker 15: Something extraordinary and unexpected has backfired out of the ambition of the fossil fuel companies. They've built a movement by mistake. [00:44:08] Speaker 50: Today we act. Today we send a message to them and everybody else. We are taking back our futures. [00:44:18] Speaker 16: One of the tools that came into play was peaceful civil disobedience to show the moral urgency of these problems, that this was the crisis of our time. Keystone's the one that the press has paid attention to, but there are similar kind of fights going on everywhere. [00:44:38] Speaker 10: Fracking equals methane equals climate change. [00:44:41] Speaker 44: My team has sustained a statewide moratorium on fracking for six years and against all odds. [00:44:48] Speaker 15: We need to remind ourselves that we are many. [00:44:52] Speaker 16: I saw a story in one of the trade publications of the oil industry not long ago, and they said, we're never going to get to build another pipeline in peace again. And I hope they're right. I hope that every pipeline and coal mine and drill rig and frack well now faces the same kind of challenge. [00:45:09] Speaker 48: We are planning to win, and we will meet you there. [00:45:17] Speaker 21: The real question is, are we going to scrape the bottom of the barrel for the last polycarbons on earth to burn them too? Or can we actually show some restraint, which we ask our children to do. Don't eat the last 17 marshmallows. Could you just show some restraint and choose a wiser course? [00:45:41] Speaker 18: As scientists, we study this out of this fascination and kind of awe of this whole system that we call home. We are on this planet that is so perfectly built to sustain life. We got so lucky. And then you begin to think, what do you do with this knowledge, this unbearable, incredibly depressing knowledge, that the decision to burn fossil fuels was a decision that had tremendous downside risks that we didn't realize immediately. [00:46:24] Speaker 14: When I read a climate science article that talks about mid-century projections, what I read is what's going to happen when my kid is 40. That's what I see on the page. And for me, it is absolutely my responsibility then to do whatever it takes to protect my child. [00:46:44] Speaker 17: Alice Walker says that resistance is the secret of joy. And I don't know if it's the secret of joy, but I know it is definitely the secret of staving off depression. The reality we're facing is very grave. So how do you not get depressed about it? Well, one way you don't get depressed is by work. [00:47:05] Speaker 31: Things change for lots of different reasons. There's all kinds of dynamics. But one central element is people being in the streets. [00:47:13] Speaker 35: All of us must stand up together and say, "No more." [00:47:19] Speaker 15: We live in a culture that doesn't tell us our own history, doesn't tell us the history of social movement wins. And the times in our past when masses of people have taken the wheel of history and turned it. [00:47:32] Speaker 51: Hundreds of thousands, millions of people have taken to the streets. And that has mattered. So right now, we are 72 hours out from that moment in the history of the climate movement. [00:47:44] Speaker 16: It was only 1% of Americans that ever took part in a civil rights demonstration, but they were able to change our society enough to stand up to those powers that be. [00:47:55] Speaker 52: I think this march will go down as one of the greatest, if not the greatest, demonstrations for freedom and human dignity ever held in the United States. [00:48:07] Speaker 15: Martin Luther King always said that the victories that had been won so far were the ones that were cheapest to the status quo. Giving legal rights and giving voting rights doesn't cost the system nearly as much as providing good jobs and good infrastructure and good schools. We as a people will get to the promised land. Big victories have been won before, but nothing on the scale of the economic challenge that really responding to the climate crisis represents. We have a responsibility to rise to our historical moment. [00:48:40] Speaker 11: We are well on our way to having the largest climate march in history. We still have 48 hours. [00:48:46] Speaker 21: Thank you for pledging to march with us this summer. We're going to have a movement worthy of the name. Solidarity among all these different causes needs to be the foremost principle. [00:48:56] Speaker 31: There are over 1,000 organizations that are part of this. [00:49:02] Speaker 5: It's this broad and powerful spectrum of allies that has the political weight to move the dial on this. If we can just push this to a point where there is a social tipping point. [00:49:13] Speaker 41: This is the issue I will vote on. This is the issue I will give money on. This is the issue that I will scream at the top of my lungs and do a bullhorn over. That is what moves politics. [00:49:23] Speaker 31: We will send the message to whoever is sitting in the UN. It is time for action. This is the right thing at the right time in the right place. The whole world will be watching. [00:49:35] Speaker 48: The People's Climate March is our chance to show the immense power of people in solidarity. [00:49:44] Speaker 21: Nothing moves public opinion more than seeing large numbers of people gathering. [00:49:49] Speaker 31: A march is not an end in itself. It is a tool in my heart of hearts. I know that this People's Climate March in September will serve to deepen this movement. [00:49:59] Speaker 30: I will be there in New York on September 21st. [00:50:05] Speaker 41: There is no replacement even in the digital age for human bodies next to each other standing as one, hearts beating as one, voices raised as one, making a political demand. [00:50:16] Speaker 21: If you don't fight for what you want, you deserve what you get. [00:50:20] Speaker 5: September 21st in some ways is the beginning. [00:50:23] Speaker 13: There are teams around the world organizing marches in Rio, in Delhi, in Berlin, in Paris, in London. [00:50:31] Speaker 50: We are joining around the world to say the time has come. Are you ready to march? [00:50:38] Speaker 1: Are you ready to march? Are you ready to march? [00:51:01] Speaker 45: Are you ready to march? People turned up and drove Sunday to participate in New York's People's Climate March. [00:51:12] Speaker 53: Over 400,000 protesters marched through midtown Manhattan to raise awareness about climate change and the need to regulate carbon emissions. [00:51:19] Speaker 48: More than 1,500 groups took part in the march, including scientists, nurses, labor unions, and members of 34 different religious denominations. [00:51:27] Speaker 54: The largest climate action march in history. [00:51:47] Speaker 31: When we marched in New York City, they had to listen. They had to pay attention to what the people of the country were saying and indeed the people of the world. [00:51:58] Speaker 9: In cities around the world, hundreds of thousands of people called for action. They demanded that leaders lead. We are not here to talk. We are here to make history. [00:52:18] Speaker 41: The entire world has to take in that there is this set of citizens committed to this cause. And that alters the trajectory of politics. You can't undo the day after something like that happens. [00:52:35] Speaker 54: This is the most urgent of times and the most urgent of messages. The people made their voices heard on Sunday around the world and the momentum will not stop. [00:52:52] Speaker 21: There's a line that divides good from evil and it runs down the middle of every single person. When we prevail, it won't just be because we beat the worst instincts of other people. It will be because we overcame the worst instincts and the worst fears even within ourselves. [00:53:11] Speaker 7: Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, fellow leaders. The climate is changing faster than our efforts to address it. The alarm bells keep ringing. Our citizens keep marching. We cannot pretend we do not hear them. We have to answer the call. [00:53:35] Speaker ?: Music playing Music playing Music playing Music playing Music playing Music playing