Breakthrough in renewable energy - VPRO documentary

[00:00:00] Speaker 1: The world had made a deal. In December, the world leaders came to an agreement to stop climate change. [00:00:16] Speaker 2: The Paris Agreement for the climate is accepted. [00:00:20] Speaker 1: World leaders congratulated each other because lengthy negotiations had finally resulted in the decision to prevent a catastrophic warming of the earth. A political victory. But was it? This story tells us why now, after 20 years of ineffective negotiations, a climate agreement is finally in place. It's a story of numbers, of economic predictions and scientific theories about how our political leaders have been guided by one thing only. This is a story of money. [00:00:56] Speaker 3: Imagine, this is in the Gulf. You're generating solar power more cheaply than you could generate from gas. The single thing that will shift people off high carbon energy into lower carbon energy is going to be the price. [00:01:16] Speaker 4: If prices are above competitive markets, they need to be subsidies. When that situation is broken and free market decides to go for solar, it will break like a dam is broken. [00:01:26] Speaker 1: This is backlight. Welcome to a future full of new energy. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. [00:01:32] Speaker ?: The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. [00:01:57] Speaker 1: The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. [00:02:11] Speaker 5: The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. The UK's climate agreement was a very important thing. But they didn't just talk about the climate agreement. [00:02:21] Speaker 1: The main topic was what had happened to the price of sustainable energy. [00:02:26] Speaker 5: We have made a good start. There has been remarkable progress on many fronts. The fall in prices for renewable energy, especially solar energy, and the emergence of new business models are bringing sustainable energy within reach. [00:02:52] Speaker 6: As a result of progressive advances in technology, policy and finance, those solutions are reliable, efficient and commercially competitive. We are seeing sustainable and clean technologies ramping up across all geographies, all industries, and in the most unusual places. [00:03:17] Speaker 1: Last year, while all eyes were on the Paris climate negotiations, just outside Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, history was being made. This solar energy plant has changed the world. Last year, a contract was signed to expand this solar plant. The new part of the plant will produce electricity more cheaply than gas plants. Sustainable energy experts all over the world were taken by surprise by the deal. The Dewa Solar project was really a wake-up call, particularly in the Middle East region, but really around the world, because it was an unsubsidized project, unsubsidized price, [00:04:01] Speaker 3: and it came in at 5.84 US cents per kilowatt hour. It opened the floodgates to a lot of countries saying, "Well, we would quite like a piece of that." [00:04:25] Speaker 1: So, solar energy which is cheaper than the electricity produced using cheap gas? The CEO of Dubai's electricity company, Dewa, was surprised when he heard the news. [00:04:41] Speaker 7: We are lucky and it was floated at the right time, so we got the right price. The interest rate was down, and I think just we got the best price. [00:04:57] Speaker 3: You go to the big oil companies that produce reports on the future of energy, the Shells, the BPs, the Exxons, and so on, and they were at the time saying, "Oh, solar costs about 15 cents." And here was a project in Dubai that came in at less than 6 cents. So it was a wake-up call. [00:05:14] Speaker 7: I was not expected, really. I was here. Then I'd been informed that the tender were open, and I see the Secretary General of ARENA. I mean, he told me, "Said, you are a benchmark in renewable." I said, "What?" Because, you know, we are all very transparent. We put the prices on our website. And he said he received 300 articles, you know, about this price. So we are very pleased about the result and about this achievement. [00:05:51] Speaker 3: Imagine this is in the Gulf. You're generating solar power more cheaply than you could generate from gas. It changes everything. [00:06:08] Speaker 1: The low price for electricity from solar energy has made the electricity company hungry for more. After a 200 megawatt expansion, there is to be a new expansion next year of 800 megawatt. And along with this deal, the Emirates have tripled their target for sustainable energy by 2020. [00:06:31] Speaker 3: My understanding is that what they've told those organizations, those companies bidding, is that they would expect it to be sub five cents, under five US cents per kilowatt hour. It changes everything if solar is the cheapest single form of new power in a country or in a region. [00:06:52] Speaker 1: Dubai is not the only place where solar energy is cheaper than fossil fuel electricity. All over the world, they're a project getting set to produce sustainable energy more cheaply than coal or gas plants. Australia, Chile, the state of California, Italy and Jordan have all reached the tipping point for the production of sustainable energy. And it doesn't stop there. In India, plans for a coal plant in Punjab were cancelled at the last minute because it was cheaper to cover the terrain with solar panels. It is expected that over the next few years, Mexico, Germany, Morocco, China and a number of American states can be added to the list of countries where sustainable energy will be cheaper. Deutsche Bank expects that in a few years, solar energy will be cheaper in 80% of the world. Mike Eckhart of Citibank, who has been active in the field of sustainable energy for 40 years, is not surprised. [00:08:00] Speaker 8: All of this is very predictable if you know manufacturing economics and all of my team in those days were engineers with MBAs so they knew how to run these estimates. All of this has been very predictable, actually. In the 70's was the beginning of all this and I picked it up right at the beginning. But it's been driven really by the cost effectiveness of renewable energy, particularly renewable electricity, is what we're talking about. Just in these last three to five years, particularly five years, the cost of solar cells has dropped tremendously. Today, even though there are many incentives, many subsidies, many encouragements to use renewable energy, it's actually become cost competitive on its own, even without those. So it's good to have those. But this is a very big success happening right now. [00:08:52] Speaker 3: I have never had any doubt that the costs of these technologies would come down. Early in my career, one of the things I learned to do was to calculate experience curves. The experience curve, the way it works is every time you double the cumulative experience in a particular activity, the costs come down by a roughly fixed amount. And I've calculated them in my career for many, many industries. Of course, in semiconductors, there's the famous Moore's law, which is the 50% reduction in every 18 months. But that's really a special case in an industry which is doubling volume so, so, so quickly and so consistently in terms of the number of microchips that pervade everything around us. That continues to grow at such a rate that the doublings happen very quickly. It's the same with whether it's the solar cells and panels, or whether it's the inverters, or whether it's the software that you use to control it. Also, the wind turbines, you know, there's a lot of steel and concrete involved and that doesn't go down in cost quite as fast. But all of the wind specific components, all the software that manages it, the blades which are very specific, etc. That's all coming down in cost on these very consistent experience curves. The destination, that sense of inevitability, you have no doubt. Because it's just, just wait and then you'll reach that tipping point. [00:10:32] Speaker 8: Renewable energy is subject to manufacturing economics, where all products go down in cost the more you make. Versus the competition, fossil fuels are resource oriented, not manufacturing. And the cost of resources goes up the more you use. And so you fundamentally have two curves that we're going to cross. And they've crossed in the last five years, in particular the last three years. And so I've had a smile on my face for, for 20 years. And I knew this was going to be a big winner. If you really got into the numbers. And this, I said, this is unstoppable. I saw this coming and it's just fantastic to be here now and to see it happening. And then wind turbine costs have really come down as they build bigger towers, longer blades, more efficient gearboxes. The whole thing has just improved. And so the cost of solar electricity, the electricity from solar energy, has dropped 80% in the last five years. The cost of wind electricity has dropped 50% in the last five years. So in both cases, the electricity from wind and solar has come into economic competitiveness, finally. [00:11:57] Speaker 1: To save us from climate change, the world needs to switch to sustainable energy. It is doable, but only if the energy becomes really cheap. It is doable. There is one country where they have understood the urgency. China. [00:12:21] Speaker 3: There was the rise of a hugely important issue in China, which is air pollution in the cities. That is really a catastrophic situation. Hundreds of thousands of people's lives being blighted. [00:12:33] Speaker 1: China is a professor and director of the Chinese Institute for Energy, Environment and Economy in Beijing. But he too is a victim of the ever increasing pollution. [00:12:59] Speaker 9: China is a victim of the world's lives. 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[00:14:03] Speaker 2: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:14:21] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:14:25] Speaker 2: China is a victim of the world's lives. 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China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:18:42] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:18:44] Speaker 9: China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:18:45] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:18:47] Speaker 9: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. 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China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:19:26] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:19:30] Speaker 9: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:19:50] Speaker 3: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:20:14] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:20:18] Speaker 2: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:20:26] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:20:34] Speaker 9: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:20:49] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:20:51] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:21:04] Speaker 3: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:21:18] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:21:19] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:21:42] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:12] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:17] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:30] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:31] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:45] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:47] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:54] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:22:56] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:23:05] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:23:07] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:23:28] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:23:35] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:23:55] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. [00:23:57] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the world's lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:24:27] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:24:33] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:24:53] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:24:58] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:25:03] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:25:04] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:25:09] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:25:24] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:25:26] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:25:27] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:26:30] Speaker 11: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:26:52] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:27:23] Speaker 8: China is a victim of the lives. [00:27:24] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:27:26] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:27:32] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:27:42] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:28:00] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:28:09] Speaker 3: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:28:37] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:28:38] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:28:53] Speaker 3: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:29:43] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:29:52] Speaker 3: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:30:22] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:30:52] Speaker 8: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:31:34] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:31:38] Speaker 8: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:32:38] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:32:40] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:33:22] Speaker 3: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:33:55] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:33:56] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:34:29] Speaker 12: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:35:52] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:35:55] Speaker 12: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:36:22] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:36:23] Speaker 12: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:36:59] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:37:07] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:37:32] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:37:41] Speaker 12: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:38:25] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:38:38] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:39:11] Speaker 13: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:39:22] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:39:23] Speaker 13: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:39:35] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:39:39] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:39:52] Speaker 1: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:40:08] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:40:09] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:40:23] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:40:29] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:40:39] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:40:40] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:01] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:02] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:03] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:04] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:06] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:07] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:52] Speaker 5: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:54] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:58] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:41:59] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:42:01] Speaker 15: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:42:03] Speaker 10: China is a victim of the lives. [00:42:04] Speaker 15: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:42:22] Speaker 8: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:42:55] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:43:01] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:43:38] Speaker 15: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:43:52] Speaker 8: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:44:22] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:44:33] Speaker 3: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:44:58] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:44:59] Speaker 14: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:45:22] Speaker 4: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:45:31] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:45:32] Speaker 15: China is a victim of the lives. [00:45:33] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. [00:45:34] Speaker 15: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:45:52] Speaker 8: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. [00:45:59] Speaker ?: China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives. China is a victim of the lives.